Queen elizabeth 1 family tree hemophilia
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Haemophilia in European royalty
Preponderance of a genetic disorder throughout European royalty
Haemophilia figured prominently in the history of European royalty in the 19th and 20th centuries. Queen Victoria and her husband, Prince Albert, of the United Kingdom, through two of their five daughters – Princess Alice and Princess Beatrice – passed the mutation to various royal houses across the continent, including the royal families of Spain, Germany, and Russia. Victoria's youngest son, Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, also had the disease, though none of her three elder sons did. Tests on the remains of the Romanov imperial family show that the specific form of haemophilia passed down by Queen Victoria was probably the relatively rare haemophilia B.[1] The presence of haemophilia B within the European royal families was well-known, with the condition once popularly known as "the royal disease".
The sex-linkedX chromosome bleeding disorder manifests almost exclusively in males, even though the genetic mutation causing the disorder is located on the X chromosome and can be inherited from the mother by male children or from either mother or father by female children. This is because the trait is recessive, meaning that only one correctly functioning copy of t
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History
First Described deed Identified
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The History of Hemophilia
People in ancient times wrote about blood and bleeding problems. They could see that some people bled differently. But they knew very little about how blood clots. The first modern description was in 1803 by Dr. Conrad Otto who described an inherited bleeding condition affecting males who he called “bleeder.” It was not until just before World War II that doctors learned that Hemophilia A was caused by a problem with a protein in the blood, later called factor VIII. Eleven other blood factors were recognized in the 1950s. They were given Roman numeral names in 1961 to avoid confusion.
Hemophilia has been called a "royal disease". This is because the Hemophilia gene was passed from Queen Victoria (Hemophilia B carrier), who became Queen of England in 1837, to the ruling families of Russia, Spain, and Germany. Queen Victoria's gene for Hemophilia was likely caused by spontaneous mutation. Of her children, one son, Leopold, had Hemophilia B, and two daughters, Alice and Beatrice, were carriers. Beatrice's daughter married into the Spanish royal family. She passed the gene to the male heir to the Spanish throne.
Queen Victoria's other daughter, Alice, had a carrier daughter, Alix. Alix became Empress Alexandra at her m